Clinical trials suggest that adequate dosing, particularly intensity, is critical to obtaining pain relief with TENS. This review also highlights data from recent randomized, placebo-controlled trials and current systematic reviews. Translational studies show mechanisms to prevent analgesic tolerance to repeated application of TENS. Basic science studies using animal models of inflammation show changes in the peripheral nervous system, as well as in the spinal cord and descending inhibitory pathways, in response to TENS. This review updates the basic and clinical science regarding the use of TENS that has been published in the past 3 years (ie, 2005−2008). ![]() ![]() TENS has been used to treat a variety of painful conditions. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a nonpharmacologic treatment for pain relief.
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